Children on the Move - a Project Inventory (COMPI)

Dokumentation

Allgemeine Grundlagen für die Bewegungsförderung: Literaturangaben

	Sportlich und bewegt in jedem Alter. Grundlagen und Anregungen zur Förderung von Sport und Bewegung. Manuskript Februar 2008. Schlussversion noch in Vorbereitung. Download Auszug . (393KB)
	Bundesamt für Sport BASPO, Bundesamt für Gesundheit BAG, Gesundheitsförderung Schweiz, Netzwerk Gesundheit und Bewegung Schweiz. Gesundheitswirksame Bewegung. Ein Grundlagendokument. Magglingen: 3. Auflage. BASPO 2009 (1.16MB)
	Gesundheitswirksame Bewegung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Empfehlungen des Bundesamts für Sport BASPO, des Bundesamts für Gesundheit BAG, Gesundheitsförderung Schweiz und des Netzwerks Gesundheit und Bewegung Schweiz (hepa.ch) aus dem Jahr 2006 (153KB)
	Jimmy, G. (2007). Bewegungsförderung für 5 bis 10-jährige Kinder. Magglingen: BASPO (79KB)
	Dössegger, A., Jimmy, G., Mäder, U. (2010). Das Bewegungsverhalten von Kindern in der Schweiz. Eine Zusammenfassung der Erkenntnisse aus neun Schweizer Studien mit Kindern im Alter von 6 bis 11 Jahren. Magglingen: BASPO (47KB)

Dokumentation für Projekte

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Evaluation

Fragebogen und Hilfmittel (folgen)

Erkenntnisse aus den Projekten

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Erkenntnisse aus der Literatur, Reviews (Teilweise nur auf Englisch)

	Weshalb Bewegungsförderung bei Kindern? (Epidemiologie, Gesundheitseffekte):
	Promoting physical activity for children: Review 1 - Epidemiology (454KB): (NICE Guidance "Promoting physical activity for children") There is a strong rationale for promoting physical activity among children and adolescents. Specific population sub-groups in which levels of activity are low include young girls (aged 10+), children from lower socio-economic groups, children from black and minority ethnic groups, and overweight and obese children. Data on the provision of PE and sport in school has shown that this mode of activity is generally increasing, and this trend should be encouraged. However, a higher priority might be given to active travel to school, which has been declining for many years. There is very little evidence available to quantify trends in levels of active play. However, review level evidence for a decline in natural play, and access to natural environments, suggest that this might also be a mode of activity that would benefit from being prioritised.
	US Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report. Part G. Section 9: Youth (332KB) The report presents and summarizes the Advisory Committee’s review of science relating physical activity to a variety of health outcomes. This part addresses the benefits of physical activity for children and youth. The report will be a valuable resource for students, researchers, or anyone interested in the health benefits of physical activity. It provides the scientific basis for the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, which is currently being developed by the Department of Health and Human Services for a planned fall 2008 launch.
	Faktoren, welche mit dem Bewegungsverhalten zusammenhängen und mögliche Interventionen:
	Jimmy, G. (2007). Bewegungsförderung für 5 bis 10-jährige Kinder. Magglingen: BASPO (79KB)
	Jimmy, G. (2007). Reviews on physical activity interventions with children (published between 2000 and 2007). Magglingen: BASPO (68KB)
	Brunton G, Harden A, Rees R, Kavanagh J, Oliver S, Oakley A (2003). Children and Physical Activity: A Systematic Review of Barriers and Facilitators. London: EPPICentre, Social Science Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London. (2.08MB) » Zusammenfassung des Review von Brunton (english) aus der Datenbank DARE
	Promoting Physical Activity (Community Guide Summary) (68KB): The Guide to Community Preventive Services addresses the effectiveness of population based interventions for three approaches to improve physical activity: 1) informational, 2) behavioral and 3) environmental and policy approaches.
	Interventions for promoting physical activity (EPHPP Summary, english) (65KB): EPHPP conducts systematic reviews on the effectiveness of public health interventions, and summarizes recent, high quality reviews produced by others. Although EPHPP reviews focus on public health interventions, review methodology and results are frequently of interest to a broader audience of service and research professionals. The range of review topics is broad. Approximately 4 new reviews and at least 4 new summary statements are completed annually.
	Interventions pour promouvoir l’activité physique (français) (67KB): Projet de pratique efficace en santé publique.
	Promoting physical activity, active play and sport for pre-school and school-age children and young people in family, pre-school, school and community settings (401KB): NICE public health guidance 17. This guidance is for all those who have a direct or indirect role in - and responsibility for - promoting physical activity for children and young people. This includes those working in the NHS, education, local authorities and the wider public, private, voluntary and community sectors. It will also be of interest to parents, grandparents and other carers (including professional carers), children and young people and other members of the public. It includes recommendations for schools, but does not make recommendations for the national curriculum. The recommendations relate to all children and young people up to the age of 18, including those with a medical condition or disability (except where clinical assessment or monitoring is required prior to and/or during physical activity). The guidance does not cover specialised services for children and young people with a disability. There is a specific focus on children aged 11 and under and girls aged 11 to 18. The guidance complements and supports, but does not replace, NICE guidance on obesity, physical activity, physical activity and the environment, depression among children and young people and social and emotional wellbeing in schools.
	Promoting physical activity for children: Review 2 - Quantitative correlates (311KB): (NICE Guidance "Promoting physical activity for children") This review of reviews has addressed demographic/biological, psychological, behavioural, social/cultural, and environmental correlates of physical activity in young people, as well as providing a brief summary of review-level evidence concerning the correlates of selected sedentary behaviours.
	Promoting physical activity for children: Review 3 - Qualitative correlates (369KB): (NICE Guidance "Promoting physical activity for children") For children of all ages, enjoyment, friendship groups, social interaction, parental, familial and peer supports are influential. A number of studies reported stereotyping among the parents of pre-school children which was then reproduced also by the children (e.g. stereotyping particular types of activity with gender – i.e. “boys only play football, girls don’t”). A particularly important issue for adolescent girls is that social pressures to conform both facilitate and preclude participation in physical activity, sport and play.
	Promoting physical activity for children: Review 4 – Interventions for under eights (319KB): (NICE Guidance "Promoting physical activity for children") This review has resulted in some evidence statements that can form the basis of recommendations for practice. However, further evidence for the efficacy and sustainability of interventions promoting physical activity in the under 8s is needed. Until a stronger evidence base becomes available, health professionals, parents and others working with young children should encourage all children to be active and the amount of time they are restrained from being active should be minimised (Strong et al., 2005). The challenge is to find ways to allocate break periods throughout the day at nursery, and particularly early primary school, and then to implement activity changes during these sessions (Jago & Baranowski, 2004). The family unit, pediatric health community, nurseries, preschools and primary schools are all likely to be important contributors to encouraging physical activity in this age group. Individuals working in these areas should be encouraged to plan, implement and evaluate physical activity programmes, and to share experiences and best practice with others.
	Promoting physical activity for children: Review 6- Interventions for adolescent girls (414KB): (NICE Guidance "Promoting physical activity for children") The evidence suggests that achieving successful behaviour change for physical activity in adolescent girls is more likely if the intervention targets girls alone rather than boys and girls together, and is targeted at older adolescent girls, using an intervention focussed on physical activity rather than additional health behaviours. Within the parameters of this review other approaches such as mediated, counselling or stage-matched tailored interventions have not demonstrated consistent effects in promoting physical activity.
	Promoting physical activity for childen: Review 7 – Family and community interventions (503KB): (NICE Guidance "Promoting physical activity for children") Interventions based in school with a substantive outreach to families and/or community agencies are likely to be effective in promoting short-term physical activity behaviour change. Such approaches enhance the likelihood of young people receiving consistent messages about physical activity behaviour in the different domains they engage in. Further high quality research exploring the effectiveness of interventions in other community settings (e.g., youth groups, boy scouts, afterschool care) is warranted. Further evidence for the sustainability of interventions promoting physical activity is needed.
	Promoting physical activity for children: Review 8 – Active play (455KB): (NICE Guidance "Promoting physical activity for children") "(...) activity is correlated to being outside; enjoyment is crucial; and parental support is important." This report has uncovered some interesting issues about children’s active play. Overall the views of practitioners in pre-school settings are positive about the rationale and opportunities for play in general. Practitioners appear less keen to pursue an active play agenda outside due to concerns about safety and the weather. Among older children active play is seen as important, enjoyable and valued and is easier to achieve with close, high quality facilities. Risk is a concern for both parents and children in preventing play but the value and benefits of active play appear to be shared. Development of core skills appears to be seen as a natural product of active play rather than the focus of a formal activity. There are connections between poor weather reducing the time spent outside and hence a reduction of active play however many strong examples exist on how to advance outside learning and active play. The most important challenge is to change the attitudes of play and pre-school professionals and their reluctance to embrace all weathers as a context for play and learning.
	Mobilitätsverhalten: Schulweg
	Promoting physical activity for children: Review 5 – Active travel interventions (361KB): (NICE Guidance "Promoting physical activity for children" - Consultation Document) This review examines the evidence for the effectiveness of active travel interventions in increasing use of active travel modes (i.e. walking and/or cycling). There is a small but growing body of literature about the efficacy of different approaches to promoting active travel with children. These approaches are consistently centred around travel to and from school.
	Sauter, D. (2008). Mobilität von Kindern und Jugendlichen (1.32MB) Fakten und Trends aus den Mikrozensen zum Verkehrsverhalten 1994, 2000 und 2005.
	Bringolf-Isler, B. (2008). Bewegungsverhalten im Alltag. Kinder und Umwelt. Forschungsbericht zu Handen der ESK (2.27MB) Anders als bei Erwachsenen spielt bei Kindern der organisierte Freizeitsport eine untergeordnete Rolle: Es sind nur wenige involviert und längere aktive Phasen sind für das kindliche Bewegungsmuster noch untypisch. Viel wichtiger ist der Alltag: die Intensität der Bewegung ist beim Spielen im Freien und dem beim aktiven Zurücklegen von Wegen mit einer Turnstunde vergleichbar. Damit weiterhin viele Kinder von diesen Bewegungsmöglichkeiten profitieren, muss die Umgebung entsprechend gestaltet werden: - Damit Kinder ihren Schulweg weiterhin aktiv zurücklegen, muss dieser kurz und gefahrlos bleiben. - Hauptstrassen wirken sich hinderlich auf den Velogebrauch aus. Bauliche Massnahmen, die Gefahren für Velofahrer auf stark befahrenen Strassen entschärfen, sind wünschenswert. - Gerade jüngere Kinder profitieren stark vom aktiven Spielen im Freien. Spielmöglichkeiten sollten deshalb in genügender Zahl vorhanden und gut zugänglich sein. Eine Abnahme von Spielmöglichkeiten hätte gravierende Auswirkungen auf der Bevölkerungsebene, da es für viele Kinder die wichtigste Möglichkeit ist, um körperlich aktiv zu sein. Interventionen für ein aktives Zurücklegen von Schul- und Freizeitwegen müssen spezifisch sein, da es zwischen den Sprachregionen aber auch zwischen den Geschlechtern unterschiedliche Gewohnheiten gibt.
	Bundesamt für Sport BASPO, Bundesamt für Gesundheit BAG, Netzwerk Gesundheit und Bewegung Schweiz (2008). Mit Muskelkraft unterwegs. Ein Grundlagendokument. Magglingen: Bundesamt für Sport BASPO (1.08MB)

Ökonomische Kosten und Nutzen

	Physical Activity: Economic Evidence (145KB) (Community Guide)
	Economic analysis of a school-based obesity prevention program (36KB)
	Promoting physical activity for children: Cost effectiveness analysis (240KB) (NICE Guidance "Promoting physical activity for children" - Consultation Document)
	Promoting physical activity for children: Review 9 - Economic evidence (572KB) (NICE Guidance "Promoting physical activity for children" - Consultation Document)
	The economic costs associated with physical inactivity and obesity in Canada: an update (Link zu Pubmed)